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2006-05-28 13:57 |
IT术语表 Glossary of Terms C部分
Carnivore “食肉动物”
An internet surveillance system developed by the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), who developed it to monitor the electronic transmissions of criminal suspects. Critics, however, charge that Carnivore does not include appropriate safeguards to prevent misuse and might violate the constitutional rights of the individual.
Carnivore, a PC- or laptop-based application, is installed with an Internet service provider to keep court-ordered tabs on a criminal suspect's e-mail and instant messages
由美国联邦调查局开发的因特网监视系统，用于监视犯罪嫌疑人的电子传输。然而，批评家指责 ”食肉动物“ 没有适当的 安全措施。
Castanet 响板软件
Software from Marimba, Inc. of Mountain View, CA that helps administrators install and update applications and information across a network.
由 位于 Mountain View, CA 的 Marimba, Inc. 公司
开发的软件，帮助管理员通过网络安装和更新应用程序和信息。
Central Processing Unit (CPU) 中央处理单元(CPU)
A silicon chip that contains central processing unit. Microprocessors also control the logic of almost all digital devices.
包含中央处理部件的硅片。控制几乎所有电子设备的逻辑的微处理器。
Certificate 数字证书
The digital equivalent of credentials. A certificate contains the sender's public key and verifies the sender's identity. Certificates provide a safe method of distributing public keys because they can be validated and signed by a trusted certificate authority. Certificates are used in a VPN during the key exchange process to ensure that the keys are actually exchanged between two known parties.
等价的数字式的证书。证书包括发送方的公共密钥，并验证发送方的身份。数字证书提供了分配公共密钥的一种安全的方法，因为它通过证书权威机构生效和签发。
Certificate Authority (CA) 证书权威机构(CA)
A trusted third-party organization or company that issues digital certificates used to create digital signatures and public private key pairs. The role of the CA in this process is to guarantee that the individual granted the unique certificate is, in fact, who he or she claims to be.
颁发数字证书的第三方组织或公司，用于创立数字签名和公共密钥对。证书权威机构在这过程中的任务是保证个人拥有惟一的密钥。
Certification 证明
Comprehensive evaluation of the technical and non-technical security features of an AIS (automated information system) and other safeguards, made in support of the accreditation process, to establish the extent to which a particular design and implementation meets a set of specified security requirements.
对AIS(自动信息系统)和其它安全措施的安全特性的技术性和非技术性的全面评估，用于支持认证程序。
Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP) 质询握手认证协议
(CHAP)
Type of authentication in which the authentication agent (typically a network server) sends the client program a key to be used to encrypt the username and password. This enables the username and password to be transmitted in an encrypted form to protect them against eavesdroppers.
一种认证机制。认证代理方(典型为网络服务器)发给客户程序一个被用来加密用户名和口令的钥匙。这使得用户名和口令能以加密的形式进行传输。
Challenge- Response 质询响应
Common authentication technique whereby an individual is prompted (the challenge) to provide some private information (the response)
普通的认证技术，籍此被质询方及时地提供一些保密信息(响应)。
Channels 通道
Communications between two computers or devices.
两个计算机或装置之间的 通讯系统。
Cipher 加密，密码
Method of encryption text (concealing its readability and meaning). It is also sometimes used to refer to the encrypted text message itself although here the term ciphertext is preferred.
加密文本的方法(掩盖其含义和可读性)。有时也指加密的文本信息本身，尽管这里主要指加密文本。
Cipher Block Chaining (CBC) 块密码链(CBC)
Cipher block chaining (CBC) is a mode of operation for a block cipher (one in which a sequence of bits are encrypted as a single unit or block with a cipher key applied to the entire block). One of its key characteristics is that it uses a chaining mechanism that causes the decryption of a block of ciphertext to depend on all the preceding ciphertext blocks.
块密码链(CBC) 是块密码操作的一种模式(在其中，一序列位元作为一个单元或块被加密，一个密钥作用于整个块)。其中的一个特征是其使用一种链状机制。
Ciphertext 密码
Encrypted text. 被加密的文本
Ciphertext feedback (CFB)
the cipher block-chaining mode, which encrypts a set number of bits of plaintext at a time, it is at times desirable to encrypt and transfer some plaintext values instantly one at a time, for which ciphertext feedback is a method. Plaintext cannot be directly worked on unless there is retrieval of blocks from either the beginning or end of the ciphertext.
相对于块密码链的模式，指块密码的操作模式。其一次加密一批数据位，有时希望一次瞬时地加密和传输某些文本。
Clipper Chip Clipper 加密芯片
An encryption chip designed under the auspices of the U.S. government. The government's idea was to enforce use of this chip in all devices that might use encryption, including computers, modems, telephones, and televisions. The government would control the encryption algorithms thereby giving it the ability to decrypt any messages it recovered.
由美国政府赞助设计的加密芯片。其思想是在所有可能使用加密的装置中，包括计算机，调制解调器，电话和电视，强迫使用这种芯片。
Clone 兼容机 ，副本
Indicates that a product can work with or is equivalent to another, better-known product.
指与品牌产品功能相似或相当的产品。
Code 编码
A set of unambiguous rules specifying the manner in which data may be represented in a discrete form. System of communications in which arbitrary groups of letters, numbers, or symbols represent units of plain text of varying length.
用以规定数据用离散形式表示时的表示方法的一套明确的规则。在通信系统中不同组的字母、数字或符号代表着若干单位的变化长度的文本。
Cold Site 简易场所
A type of disaster recovery service that provides office space, but the customer provides and installs all the equipment needed to continue operations. A cold site is less expensive, but it takes longer to get an enterprise in full operation after the disaster.
一种灾难恢复服务，它提供办公场所，但客户需提供和安装继续运营所需的设备。简易场所很便宜，但企业需花费更多的时间在灾难后恢复全面运转。
ColdFusion ColdFusion软件
A product created by Allaire Corporation of Cambridge, Mass. that includes a server and a development toolset didtitt designed to integrate databases and Web pages. With Cold Fusion, a user could enter a zip code on a Web page, and the server would query a database for information on the nearest movie theaters and present the results in HTML form. Cold Fusion Web pages include tags written in Cold Fusion Markup Language (CFML) that simplify integration with databases and avoid the use of more complex languages like C++ to create translating programs.
位于Cambridge,Mass.的Allaire公司开发的产品，包括一个服务器和一套开发工具，设计用来集成数据库和网页。使用ColdFusion，用户可以在网页上输入一个邮编，服务器将询问数据库。
Communications Security (COMSEC) 通信安全
(COMSEC)
Measures and controls taken to deny unauthorized persons information derived from telecommunications and ensure the authenticity of such telecommunications.
保证通信的可靠性，防止非授权使用电讯信息的方法和控制手段。
Compatible 兼容
Indicates that a product can work with or is equivalent to another, better-known product.
指某产品与另一种知名品牌功能相同或相当。
Component 元[部，组]件
A part of a device, a small binary object or program that performs a specific function and is designed in such a way to easily operate with other components and applications. Also this term is increasingly being used interchangeably with applet.
指能执行某一特别功能的一部分装置，一个小的二元的物体或程序，设计用来易于与其它部件或应用协调工作。这个术语也越来越成为 applet 的代名词。
Component Software 组件
Software designed to work as component of larger application.
设计作为更大的应用程序的组件的软件。
Componentware 组件
Software designed to work as component of larger application.
设计作为更大的应用程序的组件的软件。
Compromise 泄密
An intrusion into a computer system where unauthorized disclosure, modification or destruction of sensitive information may have occurred.
指对计算机系统的侵入，其可能造成了敏感信息的未授权的泄露、修改或破坏。
Computer Forensics 计算机证据学
Preservation, identification, extrication and documentation of computer evidence; giving ability to gather files, lltbkfdt collect backups of data, gives tools to look at what was going on with data.
保存、鉴别、抽取和归档计算机证据；提供能力来搜集文件和数据备份，提供工具来观察过去的时间里发生的与数据有关的事件。
Computer Fraud 计算机欺骗
Computer-related crimes involving deliberate misrepresentation or alteration of data in order to obtain something of value.
计算机相关的犯罪活动，包括有意篡改和误传数据以获取有价值的东西。
Computer Network Attack 计算机网络侵袭
Operations to disrupt, deny, degrade, or destroy information resident in computers and computer networks, or the computers and networks themselves.
扰乱、摒弃、恶化或毁坏储存在计算机和计算机网络中的信息，或计算机或网络本身。
Computer Output to Laser Disk (COLD) 计算机光盘输出
The storage of data on optical disk, such as a CD-ROM. Storing large volumes of data on laser disk, as opposed to microfiche or microfilm, lets the user access and search this information on a computer, avoid the duplication and security costs of protecting physical documents or film, and more readily distribute information.
在光盘，例如只读光盘存储器上存储资料。相对于缩影胶片或缩影胶卷而言，在光盘上存储大量资料，使得用户可以在计算机上访问和查询信息，避免复制和安全保护的费用。
Computer Security (COMPUSEC) 计算机安全
(COMPUSEC)
Technological and managerial procedures applied to computer systems to ensure the availability, integrity and confidentiality of information managed by the computer system.
应用于计算机系统的技术及管理程序，保证计算机系统信息的有效性、完整性和机密性。
Computer Security Incident 计算机安全事件
Any intrusion or attempted intrusion into an automated information system. Incidents can include probes of multiple computer systems.
指任何对自动信息系统的侵入或图谋的侵入。事件可包括对多机系统的探测。
Concentrator 集中器
Type of Multiplexor that combines multiple channels onto a single transmission medium in such a way that all the individual channels can be simultaneously active.
一种多路(复用)器，可合成多个线路到一个传输介质上去，这样所有的单一的线路都可同时工作。
Configure 配置
To set up a program or a computer system for a particular application.
为特定的应用设立程序或计算机系统。
Content Filtering 信息过滤
Monitor usage and control access to unproductive and objectionable web content according to established acceptable use policies
按照所建立的可接受的使用政策，监视对无益的和引起反对的网络内容的使用，控制对其访问。
Content Management 信息管理
Timestamp for electronic events (such as stock transfers).
电子事件(比如股票交易)的管理
Content Protection for Removable Media (CPRM) 可移动媒体的信息保护(CPRM)
Hardware-based technology designed to enforce copy protection restrictions through built-in mechanisms in storage media that would prevent unauthorized file copying.
一种基于硬件的技术，通过一种内置的机制加强对存储介质的拷贝限制，以防止非法的文件拷贝。
Content Vectoring Protocol 信息矢量协议
Protocol specification for integration of Anti-virus servers by Check Point Software.
通过 Check Point Software集成防病毒服务器的协议规范。
Copy Protection 拷贝保护
Techniques used to prevent the unauthorized copying of software.
防止非法拷贝软件的技术。
Courseware 课件
Software designed to be used in an educational program.
设计用于教育计划的软件。
Cracking
The act of breaking into a computer system.
Crash 崩溃
A sudden, usually drastic failure of a computer system. A computer crash means that the computer itself stops working or that an aborts unexpectedly. A crash signifies either a hardware malfunction or a very serious software bug.
一种突然的，严重的计算机故障。计算机崩溃意味着计算机本身停止工作或异常终止。崩溃表明或者是硬件故障，或者是非常严重的软件错误。
Crippled Version 演示版软件
A demonstration version of a piece of software that has one or more critical features disabled.
指软件的一种演示版本，其中的一个或几个关键特性被冻结。
Cryptographic period 密码期
A specific time span during which a cryptographic key is authorized, or for which a key setting remains in effect. A cryptographic period is usually expressed as a span of calendar or clock time, but may also be expressed as a maximum volume of data to be encrypted by an algorithm for a particular key.
授权一个密钥或密钥的设置保持有效的一个特别的时间段。密码期经常被表示成一段日期或时钟周期，但也可能被表示成最大的数据量。
Cryptography 密码学
The study of the principles, means, and methods for rendering plain text unintelligible, and for converting encrypted messages into intelligible form.
研究对无法理解的文本进行解释的原理、手段和方法的学科，和转换加密的信息为可理解的形式的学科。
Customer Support 客户支持
Service that computer and software manufacturers, and third-party service companies, offer to customers.
计算机和软件制造商和第三方的服务公司提供给客户的服务。
Cyberspace 虚拟空间
A description of the non-physical terrain created by computer systems. Describes the world of connected computers and the society that gathers around them. Commonly known as the INTERNET.
对由计算机系统创造的非物理领域的一种描述。对由计算机连接起来的世界和聚集在其周围的社会的一种描述。众所周知地是因特网。 |
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